Howling and Entrainment in Hearing Aids: A Review

This review focuses on howling and entrainment artifacts in digital hearing aids. The howling may occur (especially at high gains), essentially due to the close proximity of the input microphone and the output loudspeaker. The entrainment, on the other hand, occurs when the input to the hearing aids is periodic, for example, music signals or alarm signals with strong tonal characteristics. We give details on methods for howling avoidance, which are mainly based on adaptive filtering-based acoustic feedback cancellation. We also give an overview of many recent works on entrainment in hearing aids. Finally, we remark that efficient acoustic feedback cancellation scheme which can avoid howling, can also well manage the entrainment artifact

A Simplified Method for Online Secondary Path Modeling in Multichannel ANC Systems

Proceedings of IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and System

A COMPARISON OF PACING STRATEGY BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL AND PAKISTANI 100-M SWIMMERS

The purpose of this study was to determine, based on the stroking time recorded in a 100-m swimming competition, whether elite international 100-m swimmers have the same pacing strategy as the Pakistani swimmers or not. Based on a video data, three different levels of performance were analyzed i.e. Finalists (G1, n=32) from the European Championship, 2012; Medalists (G2, n=12) and Non-medalists (G3, n=20) from the Pakistan National Swimming Championship, 2014. For the current analysis each stroking distance was divided into two sections (i.e. before and after the 25m mark). The average speed of each section (ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST4) was quantified in order to depict pacing strategy. Results showed even-positive pacing (1.75 ± 0.17 m/s) towards the end of the race in G1; whereas, variable speed pacing was observed in both G2 (1.42 ± 0.26 m/s) and G3 (1.21 ± 0.28 m/s). Based on these findings it is proposed to encourage an efficient pace strategy for 100-m swimmers

Composite split cord malformation associated with a dermal sinus tract, dermoid cyst, and epidural abscess: A case report and review of literature

Background: Split cord malformation (SCM) is typically present at a single level but rarely, may be present at multiple levels in the spinal cord and can be associated with a wide array of lesions such as myelomeningoceles, lipomas, teratomas, and dermal sinus tracts (DSTs).Case description: We describe a case of a 15-month-old female child who presented with high-grade fever and progressive motor weakness in the lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of SCM along with an epidural abscess, DST, and dermoid cyst. The child underwent surgery for excision of DST along with removal of the dermoid cyst and drainage of epidural abscess. The postoperative course was uneventful. Elective repair of the SCM was performed 4 weeks later. The postoperative course was uneventful again.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, the combination of a composite SCM with a DST and dermoid cyst with associated epidural abscess has rarely been reported in literature